In the field of cognitive aging research, non-pharmacological interventions have received growing attention as possible methods to prevent or delay cognitive decline. Benefits of these interventions are especially relevant to research involving older adults, who, as a group, note the positives of ‘not taking another pill,’ the near-complete lack of side-effects or risks, the flexibility in tailoring these interventions to specific individuals (more than just altering dosages or types of medications), and the pride in taking an active role in improving their own health.

Aerobic exercise and cognitive training are two non-pharmacological interventions that may help prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In some of our previous studies, we tested the effects of cycling in patients with AD and speed of processing (SOP) training in patients with MCI. Preliminary results indicated that six months of cycling can maintain cognition in AD, and greater aerobic fitness is associated with a lower decline in cognition, as well as greater brain network functional connectivity. Additionally, approximately 20 hours of SOP training can strengthen executive function and preserve brain network functional connectivity in MCI.